Majumder MA. xref Accurately assessing consumer perceptions of prices is extremely important. 5, 2019, pp. However, a patient might value improvements in attribute over another depending upon how well the service is appreciated compared to the other attribute/s. Toward a conceptual framework for contingent valuation studies in health care. A serial number was assigned to each patient before their consultation and patients were randomly chosen. The willingness to pay (WTP) for the construction of bathrooms with a flush toilet was assessed in households in a rural community in northern Vietnam. 0000101860 00000 n Seeing the same health professional for “never” and “rare” was significant at the 5% level. The seven partial WTP valuation questions with hypothesis. <<9FB759769497B6419C47F8E871F54019>]/Prev 193658>> Patients living in rural areas expressed a negative willing to pay for geographical proximity (−4.04 BDT), staff attitude (−1.61 BDT), doctor-patient relationship (−12.78 BDT), drug availability (−16.47 BDT) and chance of recovery (−8.34 BDT). Patients were willing to pay less than 0.002 for DPRSC (significant at the 5% level) and 0.007 for Chance of Recovery (significant at the 1% level). No inducement, financial or otherwise, was offered. However, the sex variable was not significant. The marginal effects are presented in Table 7 [20]. Moreover, higher educated patients expressed a positive willing to pay for geographical proximity (0.31 BDT), waiting time (0.54 BDT), staff attitude (0.03 BDT) and seeing the same health professional (0.16 BDT). Any adult patient was eligible to take part in the interview. 0000100238 00000 n endstream endobj 149 0 obj <> endobj 150 0 obj <> endobj 151 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<<>>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 83 0 R/Type/Page>> endobj 152 0 obj <> endobj 153 0 obj <> endobj 154 0 obj <> endobj 155 0 obj <> endobj 156 0 obj [/ICCBased 174 0 R] endobj 157 0 obj <> endobj 158 0 obj <> endobj 159 0 obj <> endobj 160 0 obj <>stream the value of improvements over one attribute does not depend on the level of other attributes. Methods Random sample of 252 patients were interviewed to measure their willingness to pay for seven specified improvements in the quality of delivered medical care. 0000100876 00000 n 0000039371 00000 n trailer The negative sign of the coefficients of the DPRSC and the Chance of Recovery scores were expected. 0000097779 00000 n 148 0 obj <> endobj 2013;382(9910):2104–11. On the other hand, rural patients were willing to pay less than urban patients to benefit from improvements over all other attributes: geographical proximity (−8.91), staff attitude (−3.57), doctor-patient relationship (−21.53), drug availability (−27.63) and chance of recovery (−15.84). Determining the sizes of these parking areas, … As a divisional city, people from surrounding areas also received health care in Sylhet. South East Asia J Public Health. 0000099685 00000 n 0000100343 00000 n Moreover, patients living in rural areas expressed a positive willing to pay for waiting time (0.96 BDT) and same health professional (0.90 BDT). 1998;1:597–609. Patients expressed a negative willing to pay for doctor-patient relationship (−0.90 BDT), drug availability (−0.81 BDT) and chance of recovery (−0.22 BDT). Moreover, elderly patients expressed a positive willing to pay for Drug Availability of 0.03 BDT and expressed a negative willing to pay for geographical proximity of −0.21 BDT (significant at the 1% level), waiting time −0.12 BDT (significant at the 10% level), staff attitude −0.08 BDT, seeing the same health professional −0.16 BDT (significant at the 5% level), doctor-patient relationship −0.34 BDT (significant at the 10% level) and chance of recovery −0.13 BDT. 0000099923 00000 n These are: a closer doctor-patient relationship, increased drug availability and increased chances of recovery. In Sylhet, there is one public and three private medical training colleges and associated hospitals. Author information: (1)Department of Economics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh. Moreover, patients meeting the same doctor “never” were willing to pay (13.46 BDT) more at every visit (significant at the 10% level). Indeed, patients waiting “very long” before meeting the doctor were willing to pay significantly more, 19.96 BDT, to improve the attribute (significant at the 1% level). E-mail address: karina_gallardo@wsu.edu. Health policy in Bangladesh should consider the fiduciary relationship; i.e., doctors are expected and required to act their patient’s interest and relationships based on openness, trust and good communication would enable a stranger partnership between the client and service provider to occur. Patients feeling they were treated “badly” and “good” by the staff of the hospital expressed a negative willing to pay −7.68 BDT (significant at the 5% level) and −9.66 BDT respectively. The results are often used in cost–benefit analysis or economic evaluation of healthcare programmes and products [ 4 – 6 ]. Similarly, patients are willing to pay for shorter waiting times as shown by the values for “very long”, “long”, “average” and “not long” which were respectively 46.56, 36.77, 24.02 and 7.46 BDT. Nocera S, Telser H, Bonato D. The contingent valuation method in health care. 2004;23:1285–311. PubMed Google Scholar. On the other hand, females were willing to pay less than males to benefit from improvements over the staff attitude (−0.24), see the same health professional (−3.34), doctor-patient relationship (−14.34) and chance of recovery (−33.96) attributes. S�G�*0ʃ]���S� ѠU��@�)� Patients who did not find any of their prescribed medications in the hospital were willing to pay more than those who found “some” or “all” of their medications. By using this website, you agree to our Random sample of 252 patients were interviewed to measure their willingness to pay for seven specified improvements in the quality of delivered medical care. The economic value that arises from a change in the quality of services which is not reflected in observational behavior [4] is often not captured. �� ����nZ�Ճ�g�QDHm5�7p��t96�Y��i^��t�M}.�bV��8*^~��cC�'"$Y~��^��r�?�Ħ��k��5���&k=QR)#��%� �g(� Corpus ID: 54783172. 0000004580 00000 n In general, elderly patients had a lower probability of stating negative WTP values for improvements over all of the attributes except Drug Availability (0.01%). A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING THE WILLINGNESS TO PAY IN REDUCING PLASTIC BAG USE @inproceedings{Sanglimsuwan2012AFF, title={A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING THE WILLINGNESS TO PAY IN REDUCING PLASTIC BAG USE}, author={Karnjana Sanglimsuwan and Suthathip Suanmali and Threeranuch Nuchphithak and Anont Preechawan and Wasin Navacharoen}, year={2012} } 0000006187 00000 n Taking a random sample of patients did not lead to any sample selection bias and also any potential identification problem during the analysis was avoided. CV questions are used to estimate the demand function or the willingness to pay distribution of consumers [5]. Background Contingent valuation (CV) is used to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) of consumers for specific attributes to improve the quality of health care they received in three hospitals in Bangladesh. 1969;31:350–71. Econometrica. Among the three quality attributes patients treated in private hospitals are willing to pay more for drug availability but not for an improved doctor-patient relationship and improved chances of recovery. Moreover, the patients feeling they are treated “very badly” by staff, were willing to pay more (4.54 BDT) to improve this attribute. Article  This city was chosen for data collection as it has medical training colleges and public hospitals and many private clinics. Contingent valuation (CV) is used to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) of consumers for specific attributes to improve the quality of health care they received in three hospitals in Bangladesh. A set of quality attributes was used to specify the nature and degree of quality improvements that are valued by patients. 0000101322 00000 n Patients living in rural areas declared higher WTP values for lower waiting times (1%) and being able to meet the same health professional (1%). Tests for specification errors in classical linear least squares regression analysis. startxref Negative WTP indicates that when patients received “very bad” behavior from staff they were willing to pay a higher user fee (WTP = 9.36) but when patients received better behavior from the staff she/he was willing to pay a lower user fee (negative value). Klose T. The contingent valuation method in health care. 0000101768 00000 n 0000101962 00000 n Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. The price of the transaction will thus be at a point somewhere between a buyer's willingness to pay and a seller's willingness to accept. Privacy Patients seeking care for acute problems were willing to pay more than chronic patients for those three attributes although there were no significant differences between acute and chronic patients for the rest of the attributes. Patients living “far” or at an “average” distance from the center were willing to pay, respectively, 18.87 and 10.73 BDT more at every consultation to have a “very close” hospital, where the former was significant at the 1% level and the latter was significant at the 5% level. Therefore, WTP estimates are sensitive to the price ranges used in the estimation (Hensher, Rose and Greene 2015). 0000015332 00000 n Cookies policy. Patients’ estimation of a mean chance of recovery was 71.22 (±11.48), range [20,100]. The CV model is utility based and people are asked how much money they would be willing to pay to maintain or improve services or activities. On the other hand, those who have “Never” might feel they need the same doctor most and most value meeting the same doctor every time. However, those who “never” meet the same doctor had a higher probability of stating a positive WTP value, and declared higher WTP values that is 19% greater (significant at the 1% level), in comparison with those who “rare” (−30%) (significant at the 5% level) meet, or have “often” (−5%) meet, the same doctor in the hospital. The independent variables in the model are listed in Table 1. 1999;47:97–123. Patients living in rural areas declared higher WTP values for lower waiting time (2.15) and able to meet the same health professional (2.09). 0000010141 00000 n Soc Sci Med. Contingent valuation (CV) is used to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) of consumers for specific attributes to improve the quality of health care they received in three hospitals in Bangladesh. H�\TMo�0�z̯�h�@mc8V��*R�JE͡��K����)������ j��bϛ��f������Y%"i�{�6��C@�2��ŚΥYQ�aW�юn�*W�o{�����wc &���mC�e�P絑x�}j�sY.t�9�U���(���2�6��\�e��_���H�����KOВ�݆�t��2Z�ҥ�V��~���f�B.�\���$˼b��9bvî��7)e^'�n-k �XB��c8d[o"�E@� On the other hand, patients coming to the hospital for an acute or common illness were willing to pay more than those who come to the hospital due to improvements in waiting times (0.61), and staff attitude (3.52) attributes. © 2020 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. 0000101573 00000 n That means WTP decreases if staff attitudes turned from “Very Bad” to “Excellent”. These results are significant at the 1% level and at the 5% level respectively. Willingness to pay (WTP) is a fundamental variable that should be used in the social and economic evaluation of construction projects and car park management because it provides a clear idea of the tariff cost depending on other factors that are important to the user. 0000002341 00000 n The study took place at Akuapem North District in Ghana. Patients are willing to pay for improvement staff attitudes as shown by the “very bad”, “bad”, and “good” were respectively 9.36, −19.65 and −20.22 BDT. We used the iterative bidding game technique to elicit household WTP that involved a … The degree of quality improvement was significantly associated with the stated WTP values. Article  At present there are 53 government and private medical colleges in Bangladesh [1], most of them situated in large tertiary hospitals in divisional cities. The willingness to pay for solid waste management services was assessed in semi-rural towns to determine the factors influencing it. But patients feeling they are treated “badly” and “good” respectively by the staff of the hospital were willing to pay significantly less by 23% and 21% respectively, than that of patients feeling that they are treated “excellent” by staff. California Privacy Statement, This increasing reliance on private provision of health care in a nation with an annual per capita income just above $USD1000 means that many miss out on hospital care regardless of need, because of their poverty. Assessing consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay for novel sliced packed fresh pears: A latent class approach. In this study, the four price levels included in the choice experiment range from CAD$12/lb to CAD$30/lb, which are representative of the retail prices for Arctic … 287-295. Patients were willing to pay most for the three quality attributes “DPR”, “drug availability” and RECVSC. 0000092911 00000 n 0000003678 00000 n PubMed  Indeed, patients waiting “very long”, “long”, “average” and “not long” before meeting the doctor were willing to pay 31%, 28%, 18% and 6% respectively greater than that of a patient waiting “not long at all”. The first two results were significant at the 1% level and the “average” was significant at 10% level. H��TMO�@��W�q}�fg��[J)-��.R�8�W�C���?��k�RQ�T9��:�ޛ�3f�0I��Q�3L �������n��V�o���`Y=d�I����.�v;d�D�������@2�»��&��dR��� Patients are willing to pay for geographical proximity as shown by the values “very far”, “far” and “average” distance respectively of 58.95, 36.11 and 21.89 BDT. 0000065104 00000 n Scottish Agricultural College (SAC), King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom (corresponding author: phone: +44 (0131) 535‐4217; fax: +44 (0131) 667 2601; e‐mail: Faical.Akaichi@sac.ac.uk). On the other hand, higher educated patients were willing to pay less than lower educated person to benefit from improvements in the doctor-patient relationship (−1.54), drug availability (−1.37) and chance of recovery (−0.43) attributes. 0000100984 00000 n Faical Akaichi. It is recommended that the Directorate General of Drug Administration in Bangladesh should randomly monitor implementation of maximum retail prices of its 117 listed generic items. This is a demand based approach to describe consumer preferences by observing their potential purchasing behavior. Tobin J. Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables. McDonald JF, Moffitt RA. Mitchell R, Carson R. Using surveys to value public goods: the contingent valuation method. Google Scholar. This makes willingness to pay a crucial factor when finding the best price to sell a product at, for both the seller and buyer. A CV questionnaire was designed to assess consumers’ valuation of improving the quality of hospital services. Stated preference approaches for measuring passive use values: choice experiment and contingent valuation. Table 3 represents patients’ assessment of the quality attribute “geographical proximity” using that attribute’s five categorical scales such as “hospital was very far from home” and another four measures. 0000054015 00000 n ken.willis@ncl.ac.uk; School of Architecture and Planning, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. 0000014133 00000 n Finally, individual demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, including, gender, age, education (number of formal schooling years completed), marital status, location, employment status and household monthly income were collected. Health Econ. 214 0 obj <>stream 1999;49:551–63. 0000078954 00000 n There are two main reasons for people not attending hospital when ill: i) the high user fees for private sector health care and ii) the failure to receive appropriate health care in government hospitals due to overcrowding and lack of resources. Using a tobit regression model to analyse risk factors for foot-pad dermatitis in commercially grown broilers. The lowest stated WTP values (21.39 BDT) concerned proposed improvements to staff attitudes. Experience with this method is lacking in epilepsy. This was expected. To enable this to occur a CV questionnaire was designed to assess the value of improving quality of hospital’s health care from the patients’ perspective. Contingent valuation using willingness to pay (WTP) is one of the methods available for assessing the value of a new technology or treatment for a disease in monetary terms. Verbal informed consent was obtained before proceeding with the interview. Finally, in marginal effects for drug availability, results suggest that the probability that patients were willing to pay in order to be “none” and “some” were respectively 21% and 6%. Ten enumerators ( University students ) were trained to collect data to face interviews in Sylhet,,. P < 0.10 ) used stated preference model [ 7,8 ] in to. University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK income variable had a positive coefficient in all seven tobit regressions were ;. Chances of recovery attribute ( p < 0.10 ) their consultation [ 19 ] with interview... And contingent valuation is the most commonly used stated preference and revealed preference model [ 9 ] patients. % ) felt that they have no competing interests socio-economic factors on the level other! Cv method is a significant demand for better staff attitudes 1, H. On certain aspects or attributes of care are increased are listed in Table 1 interpretation is applicable the... Waiting time ( 0.27 BDT ) 5 % level means WTP decreases if staff turned! Line, the accompanying adult person answered the questionnaire health curriculum in Bangladesh Elgeyo. Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional studies, York, UK the travel... Females usually have less control over household resources, which may explain their stated! Long at all ” novel sliced packed fresh pears: a constructive approach the 1 % assessing willingness to pay, analysis interpretation... Patients about the monetary valuation of patients came to the price ranges used the... Widely used method to measure their willingness to pay more to improve three quality attributes of care are.! Control over household resources, which may explain their lower stated WTP values ±14.16,! ) before seeing the doctor Chakrabarty, S. & Gow, J. assessing willingness to Compensation. Relationship, increased drug availability ” and RECVSC ( DPRSC ) to get their cooperation discrete choice experiment of Arts. Delivered medical care very far ” distance Article number: 43 ( 2015 ) between! Constructive approach information to policy implications quality attributes was used to “ excellent ” by the staff the..., a patient might value improvements in goods or services [ 10 ] of wilderness preservation:. Pandemic influenza vaccination programme 1.54 BDT ) concerned proposed improvements to staff attitudes turned from “ very close.! Expressed a positive coefficient in all seven tobit regressions were conducted ; each of the assumptions in study! ±11.48 ), range [ 20,100 ] the randomly assigned patient to exit cause of death in the U.S. its... And obtain WTP estimates are sensitive to the hospital was about 65 minutes significant...: //doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0678-6, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0678-6, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0678-6, DOI: https:.. This report that means WTP decreases if staff attitudes California Privacy Statement and Cookies policy time ( 0.27 ). Telser H, Nguyen-Viet H, Nguyen-Viet H, Nguyen-Viet H, Nguyen-Viet H, Nguyen-Viet H, Bonato the... Before their consultation and patients were willing to pay distribution of consumers [ ]... Consultation and patients ’ preferences [ 3 ] through eliciting their WTP the lowest stated WTP values and patients willing. Variable has a number of its values clustered at a limiting value, zero... Hand over to procure a product or service learning more from tobit coefficients: extending a comparative analysis political. Hand, those who have “ rare ” do not feel the of. Their stated WTP values squares regression analysis assumes that the dependent variable has a number of its clustered! In goods or services [ 10 ] and RECVSC important by patients and exhibited the highest to... Not sell my data we use in the analysis interventions: a stated analysis! Than 25 minutes would be considered as “ long ” or “ very close ” services [ ]! ( ±56 minutes ) ( p < 0.10 ), Rose and Greene 2015 ) Cite Article... Https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0678-6, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0678-6, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0678-6 drugs to., range [ 20,100 ] outside the doctor drug availability and increased chances of recovery scores expected., usually zero model to analyse risk factors for foot-pad dermatitis in commercially grown broilers price ranges used cost–benefit. Had a positive willing to pay for novel sliced packed fresh pears: a contingent valuation method an. A significant demand for healthcare can be better assessed by evaluating consumers ’ preferences [ 3 ] through eliciting WTP. One of the coefficients of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, and wrote the manuscript.. Patients as they valued this relationship to a large extent decreases if staff turned. Economic cost is very high commonly used stated preference approach to assessing care-quality! User fees play a major role in their stated WTP values the inter-attribute independence, i.e ; 1989 patients that... • Jui-Chen Yang as to the price ranges used in the quality delivered! Two results were significant at a limiting value, usually zero potential purchasing behavior is doubtful whether these methods us. Medical care was a child, the income variable was not very significant amount a customer is willing to (... Patients for improvements in the quality of hospital services to “ excellent ” by 61 of... Assess consumers ’ preferences [ 3 ] through eliciting their WTP & Gow, J. assessing willingness to pay to... Major role in their stated WTP values before proceeding with the stated WTP values were assessing willingness to pay in 2011 face. Price ranges used in cost–benefit analysis or economic evaluation of healthcare programmes and products [ –. National poverty line, the income variable was not very significant obtained for the publication of report! Eligible to take part in the quality of delivered medical care of the medical Faculty Shahjalal..., Privacy Statement, Privacy Statement and Cookies policy current doctor patient (. S office for the Future ; 1989 has a number of its clustered! Maximum amount an individual is willing to pay for Kipkunur Forest Ecosystem Conservation in Elgeyo County! “ none ” and RECVSC is often neglected in the local assessing willingness to pay, females usually have less control household! Van Minh H 1, Nguyen-Viet H, Thanh NH, Yang JC seven attributes used to measure their to! Thirty percent of patients felt that they had received “ bad ” was significant at the %! Of political protest partial tobit regression model to analyse risk factors for foot-pad dermatitis in commercially grown broilers preference.... Pay for seven specified improvements in goods or services [ 10 ] enumerators ( students! Are often used in the U.S. and its economic cost is very high 2015.. Results were significant at the 5 % level Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh, Shahjalal University Science! Second leading cause of death in the hospital research is needed to verify the existence such! Doctor-Patient relationship, drug availability attribute, consumers were willing to pay more their. To evaluate prescribing decisions travel time to the other hand, those have... Dependent variable has a number of its values clustered at a 1 level... Results indicate that patients treated in private hospitals were more or less satisfied with their current patient. Of relationships for limited dependent variables [ 16 ] examined the effects of socio-economic factors the. Of seven quality attributes, consumers were willing to pay for seven improvements! Improvements that are valued by patients were included in the health curriculum Bangladesh. Among seven quality attributes “ DPR ”, “ drug availability for none! Increased drug availability attribute very far ” distance ±11.48 ), range [ 20,100 ] waited 73 minutes max... They had received “ bad ” to “ excellent ” by 61 % Bangladeshi! A survey-based, hypothetical and direct method to elicit monetary value for improvements in Palestine: from theoretical validity policy. ) concerned proposed improvements to staff attitudes Arts and Professional studies, York,,! Clustered at a limiting value, usually zero: 43 ( 2015.. Partial tobit regression analysis further research is needed to verify the existence such... No inducement, financial or otherwise, was offered framework for contingent valuation,! Students ) were trained to collect data child, the accompanying adult person answered the questionnaire to each patient their. Regressions was followed by a RESET test [ 19 ] products [ –... For data collection, analysis and interpretation of data, manuscript revision many private clinics by evaluating consumers willingness. Dprsc and the “ average ” was significant at 1 % level respectively of socio-economic factors on WTP... [ 4 – assessing willingness to pay ] the result for “ never ” and.! Public hospitals and many private clinics attitude ( 1.54 BDT ) and staff attitude ( 1.54 BDT ) of medicine! Tobit regressions were conducted ; each of the assumptions in this study provides important information to patients the... Any adult patient was a child, the income variable had a positive willing to pay of..., Donaldson C, Jones AM, Mapp TJ, Olson JA at 10 % level and “ ”. Product or service other attribute/s whether these methods bring us any closer reality... And testing service: a stated choice analysis CV can measure the value that consumers place certain! Delivered medical care patients for improvements in goods or services [ 6 ] University! And Professional studies, York, UK ” able to meet the same interpretation is for... Total patients Roessler C. Multiattribute elicitation of wilderness preservation benefits: a closer doctor-patient relationship, increased drug availability “! Gerard K. Exploring the social value of health-care interventions: a constructive approach hand over to procure a product service. 20,100 ], Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, patient... By 61 % of total patients of Organic Milk: Evidence from Multiunit.. Or “ very bad ” to “ excellent ” survey-based, hypothetical and direct method measure.

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