I. The irony of this public policy approach is that it encompasses many aspects of government functioning. It must have the character of adaptability and required changes should not disturb the organization too much. Moreover, public policy is a dynamic process, operating under changing social, political, and economic conditions. Ruling is an assertion of the will, an attempt to exercise control, to shape the world. Public policy is the broad direction or perspective that the government lays down in order to take decisions. So having strong analytical, problem solving and critical thinking skills is essential to the job. Each organization or the individual is enjoined to take a decision within a policy framework. Studies of public policy can be characterized as historical, descriptive, legal and normative. It is critical that existing policy be reviewed and evaluated regularly to ensure that is still achieving the policy outcomes, and organisational objectives that was originally intended to do so. The spectrum has become so broad that; to a student of public administration, it appears confused and spread all over. While each think tank serves a specific purpose, they all share a common vision to improve their respective spectrums, as well as being sources of new ideas and research. 2. ―Commitment to a course or plan of action agreed to by a group of people with the power to carry it out.‘‘ Dodd and Michelle, (2000:2). Public policy generally consists of the set of actions—plans, laws, and behaviours—adopted by a government. Most policy outcomes are the result of considerable debate, compromise, and refinement that happen over years and are finalized only after input from multiple institutions within government. Public policy is the cornerstone of American democracy and servers a very important purpose in American society. It is associated with formally approved policy goals and means, as well as the regulations and practices of agencies that implement programs. Public policy is an attempt by a government to address a public issue by instituting laws, regulations, decisions, or actions pertinent to the problem at hand. The public policy process in a democratic society is one kind of decision-making process, albeit often one that appears to be disorderly. The defining characteristics of a public policy are that it must affect many people, and be accepted as legitimate. This is because the system of value and behaviour which characterizes a public policy changes continually in content and process. Hogwood presents it as the process of “determining the characteristics of the issue being analysed, the organisational, and political setting of the issue, with the actual mechanics of particular techniques being secondary and consequential” (1884, p.263). Public policy is not decided by a single individual or institution. The characteristics of a good policy are: (a) Policy should help in achieving the enterprise's objectives. What is regarded as a public policy at a point in time may not meet the requirements of public policy at another time. INTRODUCTION According to J. J. N Cloete [1967, 71, 77, 81 and 85], a leading social scientist, is maintained that as soon as announcement is made in public by a policy – making body, it is regarded as public policy. Policy analysis helps public officials understand how social, economic, and political conditions change and how public policies must evolve in order to meet the changing needs of a changing society. A cap-and-trade system is a public policy tool where the government issues permits allowing firms to emit a certain amount of a pollutant—each permit might allow, say, one ton of carbon dioxide. The following points must be borne in mind while formulating a policy: 1. Characteristics of a Good Policy & Overall View of Planning and its Relationship to the Management Process Subtitle 2. 1. enforcement of public policy. Traditionally government approach to public policy has been characterized by top-down decision-making to arrive at solutions for individual departments with a mandate to address various sectoral policy issues. Endorsed. Characteristics that a policy maker should have to appropriately perform decision-making duties. ⇒ Think tanks are public policy research institutes that seek to play a key role in making and influencing global, regional and national policy. There are multiple components involved in the process, from identifying the problem to evaluating the success of a policy. Characteristics of a Good Policy 3. Simply put, public policy refers to policies that the government makes on the public’s behalf to resolve a specific issue. Concern with the new governance draws attention to the extent to which these actions are often performed now by agents of the state rather than directly by the… Read More; interest groups. Policies must be known and understood by all who are affected by them. In interest group …concerns, attempts to influence public policy in its favour. Keywords:-public policy, public policy – making different levels and types, top of an hierarchic pattern, and increasingly particularized. FORWARD LOOKING The policy-making process clearly defines outcomes that the policy is designed to achieve and, where appropriate, takes a long-term view based on statistical trends and informed predictions of social, political, economic and cultural trends, for at least five years into the future of the likely effect and impact of the policy. 3. Good public governance requires good leaders who are effective decision makers in the policy process. 4. by Irma Wallace | Sep 9, 2013 | Political Infographics. Solving significant issues and affecting the greatest change requires careful consideration and analysis of the evidence before formulating a decision. Formulating effective policies . Characteristics of Successful Public Policy. ―Public policy is the broad framework of ideas and values within which decisions are taken and actions, or inaction, is pursued by governments in relation to some issue or problem.‘‘ Brooks, (1989:16). 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