The chemical symbol for Iodine is I. Iodine is the heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a lustrous, purple-black metallic solid at standard conditions that sublimes readily to form a violet gas. Rhenium is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. Cadmium is a soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. An atom's electron affinity is the energy change in an atom when that atom gains an electron. To measure the electron affinity, slowly drag the fluorine atom toward the electron. The chemical symbol for Iron is Fe. Lawrencium is the final member of the actinide series. The electron affinity of an element is the negative energy associated with the gain of an electron in the gas phase. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth’s crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity. The EA of fluorine is –322 kJ/mol. Krypton is a chemical element with atomic number 36 which means there are 36 protons and 36 electrons in the atomic structure. Berkelium is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. Electron affinities are more difficult to measure than ionization energies. Sulfur is a chemical element with atomic number 16 which means there are 16 protons and 16 electrons in the atomic structure. Tantalum is a chemical element with atomic number 73 which means there are 73 protons and 73 electrons in the atomic structure. Commercially, thallium is produced as a byproduct from refining of heavy metal sulfide ores. The chemical symbol for Neodymium is Nd. Approximately 60–70% of thallium production is used in the electronics industry. Naturally occurring potassium is composed of three isotopes, of which 40K is radioactive. Strontium is a chemical element with atomic number 38 which means there are 38 protons and 38 electrons in the atomic structure. why electron affinity of fluorine is smaller as compared to chlorine although fluorine is in smaller size as compared to chlorine. Second electron affinity. Promethium is one of only two such elements that are followed in the periodic table by elements with stable forms. We assume no responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of information from this website. Germanium is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Holmium is a relatively soft and malleable silvery-white metal. Bismuth is a chemical element with atomic number 83 which means there are 83 protons and 83 electrons in the atomic structure. Berkelium is a chemical element with atomic number 97 which means there are 97 protons and 97 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Rubidium is Rb. The chemical symbol for Chlorine is Cl. Rhodium is a rare, silvery-white, hard, corrosion resistant and chemically inert transition metal. The chemical symbol for Lawrencium is Lr. The ionization energy associated with removal of the first electron is most commonly used. Which will be positive, and which will be negative? For example, only 7.38 eV is required to remove the outermost electron from a lead atom, while 88,000 eV is required to remove the innermost electron. It is even less abundant than the so-called rare earths. 2p subshell is more compact as compared to 3p subshell because the former is nearer to the nucleus. For example, when a fluorine atom in the gaseous state gains an electron to form F⁻(g), the associated energy change is -328 kJ/mol. In fact their absorption cross-sections are the highest among all stable isotopes. The chemical symbol for Potassium is K. Potassium was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name derives. However, because fluorine is such a small atom, you are putting the new electron into a region of space already crowded with electrons and there is a significant amount of repulsion. The chemical symbol for Protactinium is Pa. Protactinium is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. To use electron affinities properly, it is essential to keep track of sign. The chemical symbol for Promethium is Pm. Chlorine is a chemical element with atomic number 17 which means there are 17 protons and 17 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Nickel is Ni. It rarely occurs in its elemental state or as pure ore compounds in the Earth’s crust. X + e– → X– + energy        Affinity = – ∆H. www.nuclear-power.net. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas, the first in the noble gas group in the periodic table. Bismuth is a pentavalent post-transition metal and one of the pnictogens, chemically resembles its lighter homologs arsenic and antimony. At 0.099%, phosphorus is the most abundant pnictogen in the Earth’s crust. Tungsten is a chemical element with atomic number 74 which means there are 74 protons and 74 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Gallium is Ga. Gallium has similarities to the other metals of the group, aluminium, indium, and thallium. The chemical symbol for Technetium is Tc. Promethium is a chemical element with atomic number 61 which means there are 61 protons and 61 electrons in the atomic structure. 2) You may not distribute or commercially exploit the content, especially on another website. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth’s outer and inner core. Significant concentrations of boron occur on the Earth in compounds known as the borate minerals. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. Electron affinity follows the trend of electronegativity: fluorine (F) has a higher electron affinity than oxygen (O), ... Electron affinity: The electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule to form a negative ion. The chemical symbol for Neon is Ne. The chemical symbol for Dysprosium is Dy. Europium is a chemical element with atomic number 63 which means there are 63 protons and 63 electrons in the atomic structure. Titanium is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength. In general, an atom’s electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. The chemical symbol for Polonium is Po. Actinium is a soft, silvery-white radioactive metal. The chemical properties of this silvery gray, crystalline transition metal are intermediate between rhenium and manganese. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Phosphorus is a chemical element with atomic number 15 which means there are 15 protons and 15 electrons in the atomic structure. It is the heaviest element that can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, and hence the last element that can be prepared in macroscopic quantities. The Cookies Statement is part of our Privacy Policy. The chemical symbol for Lutetium is Lu. The bulk properties of astatine are not known with any certainty. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, nobelium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. Discoverer: Marinsky, Jacob A. and Coryell, Charles D. and Glendenin, Lawerence. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling silver used in jewelry, cupronickel used to make marine hardware and coins. Technetium is the lightest element whose isotopes are all radioactive; none are stable. The chemical symbol for Terbium is Tb. This website does not use any proprietary data. These elements, along with the chemically similar elements scandium and yttrium, are often collectively known as the rare earth elements. And neutron stars 38 protons and 74 electrons in the atomic structure, thulium is in... 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